Connectionless segment routing for 5G or other next generation network

ABSTRACT

Unlike smart devices, Internet of things (IoTs), such as meter readers, generate very low revenue per user. Traditional tunnel/bearer based connection-oriented architectures do not scale economically for billions of IoT devices due to the amount of signaling overhead associated with GTP tunnel setup/tear down and the states related to GTP tunnels maintained at various parts of the mobile network. However, the mobility network can efficiently support massive stationary and/or mobile IoTs by reducing the amount of signaling overhead, the state of the IoTs kept in network, and simplifying the data plane when possible.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to facilitating connectionless segmentrouting. For example, this disclosure relates to facilitatingconnectionless segment routing for internet-of-things (IoT) for a 5G, orother next generation network, air interface.

BACKGROUND

5th generation (5G) wireless systems represent a next major phase ofmobile telecommunications standards beyond the currenttelecommunications standards of 4^(th) generation (4G). Rather thanfaster peak Internet connection speeds, 5G planning aims at highercapacity than current 4G, allowing a higher number of mobile broadbandusers per area unit, and allowing consumption of higher or unlimiteddata quantities. This would enable a large portion of the population tostream high-definition media many hours per day with their mobiledevices, when out of reach of wireless fidelity hotspots. 5G researchand development also aims at improved support of machine-to-machinecommunication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lowercost, lower battery consumption, and lower latency than 4G equipment.

The above-described background relating connectionless segment routingis merely intended to provide a contextual overview of some currentissues, and is not intended to be exhaustive. Other contextualinformation may become further apparent upon review of the followingdetailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosureare described with reference to the following figures, wherein likereference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various viewsunless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system in which anetwork node device (e.g., network node) and user equipment (UE) canimplement various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of a systemarchitecture for connectionless segment routing according to one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example table for connectionless segment routingaccording to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram ofmicroservices for connections segment routing according to one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example flow diagram for connectionless segmentrouting according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example flow diagram for method for connectionlesssegment routing for a 5G network according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow diagram for system for connectionlesssegment routing for a 5G network according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example flow diagram for machine-readable mediumfor connectionless segment routing for a 5G network according to one ormore embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handsetoperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computeroperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth toprovide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. One skilled inthe relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques describedherein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, orwith other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances,well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown ordescribed in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “anembodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment,” “in one aspect,” or “in an embodiment,” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and thelike are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware,software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a componentcan be a processor, a process running on a processor, an object, anexecutable, a program, a storage device, and/or a computer. By way ofillustration, an application running on a server and the server can be acomponent. One or more components can reside within a process, and acomponent can be localized on one computer and/or distributed betweentwo or more computers.

Further, these components can execute from various machine-readablemedia having various data structures stored thereon. The components cancommunicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance witha signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one componentinteracting with another component in a local system, distributedsystem, and/or across a network, e.g., the Internet, a local areanetwork, a wide area network, etc. with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry; the electric or electronic circuitry can beoperated by a software application or a firmware application executed byone or more processors; the one or more processors can be internal orexternal to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of thesoftware or firmware application. As yet another example, a componentcan be an apparatus that provides specific functionality throughelectronic components without mechanical parts; the electroniccomponents can include one or more processors therein to executesoftware and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, thefunctionality of the electronic components. In an aspect, a componentcan emulate an electronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., withina cloud computing system.

The words “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” are used herein to meanserving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance ofdoubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by suchexamples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as“exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meantto preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known tothose of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that theterms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used ineither the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intendedto be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an opentransition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.

As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers generally to theprocess of reasoning about, or inferring states of, the system,environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations as capturedvia events and/or data. Captured data and events can include user data,device data, environment data, data from sensors, sensor data,application data, implicit data, explicit data, etc. Inference can beemployed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate aprobability distribution over states of interest based on aconsideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composinghigher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inferenceresults in the construction of new events or actions from a set ofobserved events and/or stored event data, whether the events arecorrelated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and datacome from one or several event and data sources. Various classificationschemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks,expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusionengines) can be employed in connection with performing automatic and/orinferred action in connection with the disclosed subject matter.

In addition, the disclosed subject matter can be implemented as amethod, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programmingand/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware,or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement thedisclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as usedherein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readablecarrier, computer-readable media, or machine-readable media. Forexample, computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, amagnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magneticstrip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc(DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g.,card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storagedevice and/or any of the above computer-readable media.

As an overview, various embodiments are described herein to facilitateconnectionless segment routing for a 5G air interface or other nextgeneration networks. For simplicity of explanation, the methods (oralgorithms) are depicted and described as a series of acts. It is to beunderstood and appreciated that the various embodiments are not limitedby the acts illustrated and/or by the order of acts. For example, actscan occur in various orders and/or concurrently, and with other acts notpresented or described herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts maybe required to implement the methods. In addition, the methods couldalternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states via astate diagram or events. Additionally, the methods described hereafterare capable of being stored on an article of manufacture (e.g., amachine-readable storage medium) to facilitate transporting andtransferring such methodologies to computers. The term article ofmanufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer programaccessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media,including a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium.

It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments havebeen described herein in the context of 5G, Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE), orother next generation networks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to5G, a UMTS implementation, and/or an LTE implementation as thetechniques can also be applied in 3G, 4G or LTE systems. For example,aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be exploited insubstantially any wireless communication technology. Such wirelesscommunication technologies can include UMTS, Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA), Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation PartnershipProject 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access(HSPA), Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed DownlinkPacket Access (HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee,or another IEEE 802.XX technology. Additionally, substantially allaspects disclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies.

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, andother embodiments or implementations that can facilitate connectionlesssegment routing for a 5G network. Facilitating connectionless segmentrouting for a 5G network can be implemented in connection with any typeof device with a connection to the communications network (e.g., amobile handset, a computer, a handheld device, etc.) any Internet ofthings (TOT) device (e.g., toaster, coffee maker, blinds, music players,speakers, etc.), and/or any connected vehicles (cars, airplanes, spacerockets, and/or other at least partially automated vehicles (e.g.,drones)). In some embodiments the non-limiting term user equipment (UE)is used. It can refer to any type of wireless device that communicateswith a radio network node in a cellular or mobile communication system.Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE, machinetype UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA,Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE),laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles etc. Note that the termselement, elements and antenna ports can be interchangeably used butcarry the same meaning in this disclosure. The embodiments areapplicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrieraggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception.

In some embodiments the non-limiting term radio network node or simplynetwork node is used. It can refer to any type of network node thatserves UE is connected to other network nodes or network elements or anyradio node from where UE receives a signal. Examples of radio networknodes are Node B, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) nodesuch as MSR BS, eNode B, network controller, radio network controller(RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controllingrelay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), transmissionpoints, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antennasystem (DAS) etc.

Cloud radio access networks (RAN) can enable the implementation ofconcepts such as software-defined network (SDN) and network functionvirtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This disclosure can facilitate ageneric channel state information framework design for a 5G network.Certain embodiments of this disclosure can comprise an SDN controllerthat can control routing of traffic within the network and between thenetwork and traffic destinations. The SDN controller can be merged withthe 5G network architecture to enable service deliveries via openapplication programming interfaces (“APIs”) and move the network coretowards an all internet protocol (“IP”), cloud based, and softwaredriven telecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, ortake the place of policy and charging rules function (“PCRF”) networkelements so that policies such as quality of service and trafficmanagement and routing can be synchronized and managed end to end.

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, 4G standards canbe applied 5G, also called new radio (NR) access. 5G networks cancomprise the following: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond supported for tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per secondcan be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the same officefloor; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections can besupported for massive sensor deployments; spectral efficiency can beenhanced compared to 4G; improved coverage; enhanced signalingefficiency; and reduced latency compared to LTE. In multicarrier systemsuch as OFDM, each subcarrier can occupy bandwidth (e.g., subcarrierspacing). If the carriers use the same bandwidth spacing, then it can beconsidered a single numerology. However, if the carriers occupydifferent bandwidth and/or spacing, then it can be considered a multiplenumerology.

To efficiently support the billions IoT devices, instead of aconnection-oriented architecture that sets up a general packet radioservice tunneling protocol (GTP) before any data path communications, aconnectionless architecture can use software-defined networking (SDN)principles combined with IP-based direct user data packet forwarding.SDN can be used as a control plane protocol for packet forwardingconfigurations, and for flexible service edge configurations (e.g., viaa segment routing header (SRH) configuration). Techniques such assegment routing (SRv6) can be used for user the plane to deliver thepackets, and to allow flexible service edge treatment, service chaining,(e.g., such as billing), traffic engineering (TE), etc. Thisarchitecture provides simpler and scalable wireless management forstationary IoTs. Additionally, the architecture can provide significantsignaling reduction and state reduction due to the omission of GTPtunnels, especially with an aggregated/shared packet forwardingtreatment and table look-up for similar IoT devices (e.g., sharedforwarding rule and look up entry for water meters destined to the samewater company). The connectionless system can also be used for nomadicand “sitting” devices. This architecture can use IP protocol instead of3GPP specific GTP tunnels, thereby simplifying adaption of new RadioAccess Technologies (RAT).

Integrated central unit user plane (CU-UP) and user plan functionality(UPF) at the mobility edge for the traffic exiting the mobility servicecan eliminate the GTP tunnel naturally. In another deployment scenario,the CU-UP is more distributed in the RAN and the UPF is placed withinthe core network. In this case, eliminating of the GTP tunnel andreplacement by a connectionless architecture is very important. Within a5G core network, multiple UPFs can be concatenated (e.g., UPF1, UFP2,UPF3) to build the UPF for the 5G core. At the mobile edge, the CU-UPcan be integrated with UPF1, wherein the UPF2 and UPF3 are morecentralized in the core network. In another scenario, within a 5Gnetwork, different slices can be used to accommodate the needs of avariety of types of devices, services and applications with dramaticallydifferent service delivery and mobility requirements (e.g., usedifferent network slices for connectionless vs. connection-orientedarchitecture).

To efficiently support the IoT devices, the connectionless architecturecan provide a simple and scalable solution for massive stationary IoTs.For a given massive IoT service or a group of services, (e.g., electricmeter readers), an SDN controller can dynamically configure one or moreof the network element(s) as the service edges (SEs). Any layer 4 orabove routers in the network can be a service edge since deep packetinspections (DPI) are based on the IP and transport layer information.The SDN controller can also configure the service function chaining atthe SE for a given service flow to receive appropriate service treatmentrequired, (e.g., lawful intercept, etc.) based on the business andservice requirements. The SDN controller can also dynamically configurethe service entry point to add a SRH (SRv6 header), which can containthe routing and service chaining vector information (i.e., the sequenceof the routers/service nodes, and virtual network functions (VNFs)) tothe packets coming from the massive IoT devices.

The service entry point can also indicate how the packet should berouted in the network based on certain criteria (e.g., destinationaddress (DA)=Electric Co.). By using the SRH (e.g., open flow (OF) 2,OFk, OF3 (microservice (MS)1, MS2), a GTP tunnel nor any explicitconnection-oriented signaling for each IoT device is required. Inaddition, the SDN controller can dynamically collect network resourceutilization information (e.g., computers, storage, networks, etc.)physically and/or virtually, at each network and service node/elementand decide the optimal routing and service chaining vector and providethe updated routing SRH at the service entry point at any time.Furthermore, a single table entry can be shared by all the electricmeter readers. This can significantly reduce the amount of signaling andreduce the state information in the network. The intermediate route canthen forward the packet based on the routing information in the tag. Thepackets can traverse through the network and receive the subscribedservice treatment (e.g., parental control functions, lawful intercept ofdata, etc.) at the SE based on the SRH added onto the packets. Dependingon servicing needs, service treatment functions can be distributed moreclosely to the customer or at a centrally located place.

The SE at the exit of the mobile network can remove the SRH and forwardthe packets to the data network and onward to the application provider(e.g., the electric company). This architecture provides simpler andscalable service delivery for stationary IoTs by significantly reducingsignaling and states due to the omission of GTP tunnels, especially withthe aggregated/shared forwarding treatment and table look up for similarIoT devices. For example, the architecture allows shared forwardingrules and look up entries for thousands of electric meters destined tothe same electric company.

In one embodiment, described herein is a method comprising configuring,by a software-defined networking device comprising a processor, aservice edge device associated with an internet-of-things device of awireless network. The method can comprise receiving, by thesoftware-defined networking device, network resource utilization datarepresentative of a network resource utilization. Additionally, based onthe network resource utilization data, the method can compriseconfiguring, by the software-defined networking device, a service entrypoint device of the wireless network to associate packet headers withpackets of the wireless network.

According to another embodiment, a system can facilitate, configuring aservice edge device, associated with an internet-of-things of a wirelessnetwork, to receive packet data associated with a packet of the wirelessnetwork. The system can comprise receiving network resource utilizationdata representative of a network resource utilization associated withthe wireless network. Furthermore, in response to the receiving thenetwork resource utilization data, the system can comprise configuring aservice entry point device of the wireless network to associated apacket header with the packet of the wireless network.

According to yet another embodiment, described herein is amachine-readable storage medium that can perform the operationscomprising configuring a service edge device, associated with aninternet-of-things of a wireless network, to receive packet data. Themachine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising receivingnetwork resource utilization data representative of a network resourceutilization associated with the wireless network. Additionally, based onthe receiving the network resource utilization data, themachine-readable medium can perform the operations comprising generatinga packet routing data structure usable to route packets of the wirelessnetwork to a destination address within the wireless network.

These and other embodiments or implementations are described in moredetail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , illustrated is an example wirelesscommunication system 100 in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure. In one or more embodiments,system 100 can comprise one or more user equipment UEs 102. Thenon-limiting term user equipment can refer to any type of device thatcan communicate with a network node in a cellular or mobilecommunication system. A UE can have one or more antenna panels havingvertical and horizontal elements. Examples of a UE comprise a targetdevice, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable ofmachine to machine (M2M) communications, personal digital assistant(PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop mounted equipment(LME), universal serial bus (USB) dongles enabled for mobilecommunications, a computer having mobile capabilities, a mobile devicesuch as cellular phone, a laptop having laptop embedded equipment (LEE,such as a mobile broadband adapter), a tablet computer having a mobilebroadband adapter, a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, aheads-up display (HUD) device, a smart car, a machine-type communication(MTC) device, and the like. User equipment UE 102 can also comprise IOTdevices that communicate wirelessly.

In various embodiments, system 100 is or comprises a wirelesscommunication network serviced by one or more wireless communicationnetwork providers. In example embodiments, a UE 102 can becommunicatively coupled to the wireless communication network via anetwork node 104. The network node (e.g., network node device) cancommunicate with user equipment (UE), thus providing connectivitybetween the UE and the wider cellular network. The UE 102 can sendtransmission type recommendation data to the network node 104. Thetransmission type recommendation data can comprise a recommendation totransmit data via a closed loop MIMO mode and/or a rank-1 precoder mode.

A network node can have a cabinet and other protected enclosures, anantenna mast, and multiple antennas for performing various transmissionoperations (e.g., MIMO operations). Network nodes can serve severalcells, also called sectors, depending on the configuration and type ofantenna. In example embodiments, the UE 102 can send and/or receivecommunication data via a wireless link to the network node 104. Thedashed arrow lines from the network node 104 to the UE 102 representdownlink (DL) communications and the solid arrow lines from the UE 102to the network nodes 104 represents an uplink (UL) communication.

System 100 can further include one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 that facilitate providing wireless communicationservices to various UEs, including UE 102, via the network node 104and/or various additional network devices (not shown) included in theone or more communication service provider networks 106. The one or morecommunication service provider networks 106 can include various types ofdisparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks,femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol(IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network,enterprise networks, cloud based networks, and the like. For example, inat least one implementation, system 100 can be or include a large scalewireless communication network that spans various geographic areas.According to this implementation, the one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 can be or include the wireless communicationnetwork and/or various additional devices and components of the wirelesscommunication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell,additional UEs, network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 canbe connected to the one or more communication service provider networks106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, the one or morebackhaul links 108 can comprise wired link components, such as a T1/E1phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous orasynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, acoaxial cable, and the like. The one or more backhaul links 108 can alsoinclude wireless link components, such as but not limited to,line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS links which can include terrestrialair-interfaces or deep space links (e.g., satellite communication linksfor navigation).

Wireless communication system 100 can employ various cellular systems,technologies, and modulation modes to facilitate wireless radiocommunications between devices (e.g., the UE 102 and the network node104). While example embodiments might be described for 5G new radio (NR)systems, the embodiments can be applicable to any radio accesstechnology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates usingmultiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000 etc.

For example, system 100 can operate in accordance with global system formobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service(UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTEFDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA),code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000,time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access(FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tailDFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency divisionmultiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixedmobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique wordDFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However,various features and functionalities of system 100 are particularlydescribed wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs 102 and the network device104) of system 100 are configured to communicate wireless signals usingone or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols canbe transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g.,OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments areapplicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrieraggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are alsoapplicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is dataplus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

In various embodiments, system 100 can be configured to provide andemploy 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. 5G wirelesscommunication networks are expected to fulfill the demand ofexponentially increasing data traffic and to allow people and machinesto enjoy gigabit data rates with virtually zero latency. Compared to 4G,5G supports more diverse traffic scenarios. For example, in addition tothe various types of data communication between conventional UEs (e.g.,phones, smartphones, tablets, PCs, televisions, Internet enabledtelevisions, etc.) supported by 4G networks, 5G networks can be employedto support data communication between smart cars in association withdriverless car environments, as well as machine type communications(MTCs). Considering the drastic different communication needs of thesedifferent traffic scenarios, the ability to dynamically configurewaveform parameters based on traffic scenarios while retaining thebenefits of multi carrier modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM and relatedschemes) can provide a significant contribution to the highspeed/capacity and low latency demands of 5G networks. With waveformsthat split the bandwidth into several sub-bands, different types ofservices can be accommodated in different sub-bands with the mostsuitable waveform and numerology, leading to an improved spectrumutilization for 5G networks.

To meet the demand for data centric applications, features of proposed5G networks may comprise: increased peak bit rate (e.g., 20 Gbps),larger data volume per unit area (e.g., high system spectralefficiency—for example about 3.5 times that of spectral efficiency oflong term evolution (LTE) systems), high capacity that allows moredevice connectivity both concurrently and instantaneously, lowerbattery/power consumption (which reduces energy and consumption costs),better connectivity regardless of the geographic region in which a useris located, a larger numbers of devices, lower infrastructuraldevelopment costs, and higher reliability of the communications. Thus,5G networks may allow for: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond should be supported for tens of thousands of users, 1 gigabit persecond to be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the sameoffice floor, for example; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneousconnections to be supported for massive sensor deployments; improvedcoverage, enhanced signaling efficiency; reduced latency compared toLTE.

The upcoming 5G access network may utilize higher frequencies (e.g., >6GHz) to aid in increasing capacity. Currently, much of the millimeterwave (mmWave) spectrum, the band of spectrum between 30 gigahertz (Ghz)and 300 Ghz is underutilized. The millimeter waves have shorterwavelengths that range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter, and thesemmWave signals experience severe path loss, penetration loss, andfading. However, the shorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies alsoallows more antennas to be packed in the same physical dimension, whichallows for large-scale spatial multiplexing and highly directionalbeamforming.

Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna techniques cansignificantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wirelesscommunication system. The use of multiple input multiple output (MIMO)techniques, which was introduced in the third-generation partnershipproject (3GPP) and has been in use (including with LTE), is amulti-antenna technique that can improve the spectral efficiency oftransmissions, thereby significantly boosting the overall data carryingcapacity of wireless systems. The use of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques can improve mmWave communications, and has been widelyrecognized a potentially important component for access networksoperating in higher frequencies. MIMO can be used for achievingdiversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain. Forthese reasons, MIMO systems are an important part of the 3rd and 4thgeneration wireless systems, and are planned for use in 5G systems.

Referring now to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , illustrated is an example schematicsystem block diagram of a system architecture 200 for connectionlesssegment routing according to one or more embodiments and an exampletable for connectionless segment routing according to one or moreembodiments. An SDN controller 214 can dynamically configure one oremore network elements 202, 204, 206, 208 (e.g., OF1, OF2, OF3, etc.) atthe service edge. The network elements 202, 204, 206, 208 can comprisevarious functions (e.g., security, QoS, charging, byte counting, etc.)at the edge and therefore comprise different microservices as depictedin FIG. 4 . The SDN controller 214 can next configure a forwarding table(as depicted in FIG. 3 ), with header information, at the service entrypoint, wherein the service entry point can be a gNodeB (network node106) within the RAN. Therefore, the SDN controller 214 can configure therouting information and/or the service chain information to determinehow to route data packets. Consequently, as shown in the table in FIG. 3, the network can place a header (e.g., OF1, OFk OF3) on any packet thatis headed to the destination “S1”. Additionally, although there can bemany microservices, as depicted in FIG. 4 , provided via OF3, the tablecan determine which microservices are selected for use. Thus, in thiscase, MS1 and MS2 can be used at network element 206 (e.g., OF3). Whenthe packet enters the network via the gNodeB (e.g., network node 106),the gNodeB (e.g., network node 106) can then place the packet headerinformation onto the packet to route the packet and/or include servicechain data. Consequently, OF1 (e.g., network element 202) can send thepacket to OF2 (e.g., network element 204) based on the attached packetheader, and then the OF2 (e.g., network element 204) can send the packetto OFk (e.g., network element 206). OFk (e.g., network element 206) canthen send the packet to OF3 (e.g., network element 208). As with anytransmission, prior to sending the packet the next element, the currentelement can remove its identification information from the packet headerinformation by updating the packet header so that the packet progressesto the next network element. When the packet arrives at OF3, then thesystem can determine (based on the packet header data) whichmicroservices are chained and routed to the destination address location212 for the IoT device.

The SDN controller 214 can be capable of analyzing and collecting dataon network utilization, and based on that information, the SDNcontroller 214 can adjust the routing information to adjust the packetroute. For example if there is another route that is better suited forthe packet to travel, then the SDN controller 214 can adjust routingdata based on past, present, and/or future anticipated networkutilization. Business support systems, operations support systems,and/or open network and automation platforms can also be used toconfigure the SDN controller 214 via a computing device 216.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , illustrated is an example schematic systemblock diagram of microservices for connections segment routing accordingto one or more embodiments. Within a service layer abstraction 400,microservices can exist to support the IoT devices. For example, amachine learning (ML) microservice 402 can utilize predictive algorithmsto adjust the various microservices, make recommendations, classifyusers, and detect violations and anomalies. A microservice composer 404can generating the micro services 406, 408, 410 (e.g., MS1, MS2, MSn)for use within the connectionless segment routing system.

Referring now to FIG. 5 illustrates an example flow diagram 500 forconnectionless segment routing according to one or more embodiments. Atblock 502 the SDN controller 214 can configure a service edge of awireless networking system to receive packet routing and service chaindata policies in the form of SRH for an IoT device or a group of IOTdevices. At block 504, the SDN controller 214 can also configure aservice entry point of the wireless networking system with an SRv6header based on forwarding criteria (e.g., destination IP address,5-tuple, etc.) to receive packet data and attach segment routing headersto the packet data to route the packet data to the service edge. The SDNcontroller 214 can configure the service entry point by sending arouting table to a network node 106 of the wireless networking system.Thereafter, at block 506, a network element 202, 204, 206, 208 canforward the packet data in accordance with the routing table at thenetwork node 106. The decision block 508 can determine if an SRv6 packetheader is included with the packet. If a packet header is not attachedto the packet, then the final network element has removed its headerinformation and the packet has reached its destination. Thus, the packetforwarding is ended at block 510. However, if a packet header is stillincluded with the packet at block 508, then the most current networkelement 202, 204, 206, 208 can continue to forward the packet, per anative switching and/or routing protocol, to the next network element202, 204, 206, 208 that it contains routing information for.Consequently, at block 512, the wireless networking system canrecursively continue to forward the packet according to the packetheaders until a packet header is not included with the packet. In whichcase the system can end the packet forwarding at block 510.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , illustrated is an example flow diagram formethod for connectionless segment routing for a 5G network according toone or more embodiments. At element 600, a method can comprise,configuring (by the SDN controller 214) a service edge device (e.g.,network element) associated with an internet-of-things device of awireless network. At element 602, the method can comprise receiving (bythe SDN controller 214) network resource utilization data representativeof a network resource utilization and service delivery needs.Additionally, based on the network resource utilization data, at element604, the method can comprise configuring (by the SDN controller 214) aservice entry point device (e.g., network node 106) of the wirelessnetwork to associate packet headers with packets of the wirelessnetwork.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , illustrated is an example flow diagram forsystem for connectionless segment routing for a 5G network according toone or more embodiments. According to another embodiment, at element 700a system can facilitate, configuring (by the SDN controller 214) aservice edge device (e.g., network element), associated with aninternet-of-things of a wireless network, to receive packet dataassociated with a packet of the wireless network. At element 702, thesystem can comprise receiving (by the SDN controller 214) networkresource utilization data, representative of a network resourceutilization and service delivery needs associated with the wirelessnetwork. Furthermore, at element 704, in response to the receiving thenetwork resource utilization data, the system can comprise configuring(by the SDN controller 214) a service entry point device (e.g., networknode 106) of the wireless network to associate a packet header with thepacket of the wireless network.

Referring now to FIG. 8 , illustrated is an example flow diagram formachine-readable medium for connectionless segment routing for a 5Gnetwork according to one or more embodiments. At element 800, amachine-readable storage medium can perform the operations comprisingconfiguring (by the SDN controller 214) a service edge device,associated with an internet-of-things of a wireless network, to receivepacket data. At element 802, the machine-readable medium can perform theoperations comprising receiving network resource utilization datarepresentative of a network resource utilization associated with thewireless network. Additionally, based on the receiving the networkresource utilization data, at element 804, the machine-readable mediumcan perform the operations comprising generating (by the SDN controller214) a packet routing data structure usable to route packets of thewireless network to a destination address within the wireless network.

Referring now to FIG. 9 , illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample mobile handset 900 operable to engage in a system architecturethat facilitates wireless communications according to one or moreembodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset is illustratedherein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device,and that the mobile handset is merely illustrated to provide context forthe embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. Thefollowing discussion is intended to provide a brief, general descriptionof an example of a suitable environment in which the various embodimentscan be implemented. While the description includes a general context ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storagemedium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation alsocan be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM,digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset includes a processor 902 for controlling and processing allonboard operations and functions. A memory 904 interfaces to theprocessor 902 for storage of data and one or more applications 906(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 906 can be stored in the memory 904 and/or in a firmware908, and executed by the processor 902 from either or both the memory904 or/and the firmware 908. The firmware 908 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the handset 900. A communicationscomponent 910 interfaces to the processor 902 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component910 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The handset 900 can be a devicesuch as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 910 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrialradio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, andInternet-based radio services networks.

The handset 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 912 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 912 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface914 is provided in communication with the processor 902 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This can support updating andtroubleshooting the handset 900, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 916, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 916 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 900 can include a slot interface 918 for accommodating a SIC(Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card SubscriberIdentity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 920, and interfacing the SIM card920 with the processor 902. However, it is to be appreciated that theSIM card 920 can be manufactured into the handset 900, and updated bydownloading data and software.

The handset 900 can process IP data traffic through the communicationscomponent 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 900 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or decoded format.

A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 922can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 900 also includes a power source 924 in the form ofbatteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 924 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 926.

The handset 900 can also include a video component 930 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 930 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 932 facilitates geographically locating the handset 900. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 934facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 934 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 934 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touchscreen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 906, a hysteresis component 936facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 938 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 936 when the Wi-Fi transceiver913 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 940 enables thehandset 900 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber withthe SIP registrar server. The applications 906 can also include a client942 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and storeof multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 900, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 910, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 913 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 900. The handset 900 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

Referring now to FIG. 10 , illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample computer 1000 operable to engage in a system architecture thatfacilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The computer 1000 can provide networking andcommunication capabilities between a wired or wireless communicationnetwork and a server (e.g., Microsoft server) and/or communicationdevice. In order to provide additional context for various aspectsthereof, FIG. 10 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment in whichthe various aspects of the innovation can be implemented to facilitatethe establishment of a transaction between an entity and a third party.While the description above is in the general context ofcomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can beimplemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, handheld computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media or communications media, whichtwo terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.

Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include,but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitorymedia which can be used to store desired information. Computer-readablestorage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computingdevices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrievalprotocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the informationstored by the medium.

Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, datastructures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data ina data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery ortransport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way ofexample, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference to FIG. 10 , implementing various aspects describedherein with regards to the end-user device can include a computer 1000,the computer 1000 including a processing unit 1004, a system memory 1006and a system bus 1008. The system bus 1008 couples system componentsincluding, but not limited to, the system memory 1006 to the processingunit 1004. The processing unit 1004 can be any of various commerciallyavailable processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processorarchitectures can also be employed as the processing unit 1004.

The system bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1006includes read-only memory (ROM) 1027 and random access memory (RAM)1012. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatilememory 1027 such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basicroutines that help to transfer information between elements within thecomputer 1000, such as during start-up. The RAM 1012 can also include ahigh-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1000 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1014 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 1014 can also beconfigured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), amagnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1016, (e.g., to read from or write to aremovable diskette 1018) and an optical disk drive 1020, (e.g., readinga CD-ROM disk 1022 or, to read from or write to other high capacityoptical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1014, magnetic diskdrive 1016 and optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to the systembus 1008 by a hard disk drive interface 1024, a magnetic disk driveinterface 1026 and an optical drive interface 1028, respectively. Theinterface 1024 for external drive implementations includes at least oneor both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interfacetechnologies. Other external drive connection technologies are withincontemplation of the subject innovation.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1000 the drives and mediaaccommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to aHDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media suchas a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat other types of media which are readable by a computer 1000, such aszip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and thelike, can also be used in the exemplary operating environment, andfurther, that any such media can contain computer-executableinstructions for performing the methods of the disclosed innovation.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1012,including an operating system 1030, one or more application programs1032, other program modules 1034 and program data 1036. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1012. It is to be appreciated that the innovation canbe implemented with various commercially available operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1000 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1038 and apointing device, such as a mouse 1040. Other input devices (not shown)can include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad,a stylus pen, touchscreen, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an input deviceinterface 1042 that is coupled to the system bus 1008, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 1044 or other type of display device is also connected to thesystem bus 1008 through an interface, such as a video adapter 1046. Inaddition to the monitor 1044, a computer 1000 typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1000 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections by wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1048. The remotecomputer(s) 1048 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentdevice, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer,although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 1050 isillustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wirelessconnectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1052 and/or larger networks,e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1054. Such LAN and WAN networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitateenterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which canconnect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1000 isconnected to the local network 1052 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1056. The adapter 1056 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1052, which canalso include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicatingwith the wireless adapter 1056.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1000 can includea modem 1058, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN1054, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN1054, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1058, which can beinternal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to thesystem bus 1008 through the input device interface 1042. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer, orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1050. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexemplary and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, in a hotel room, or a conference room at work, withoutwires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cellphone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receivedata indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Finetworks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, etc.) toprovide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi networkcan be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and towired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networksoperate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 7 Mbps(802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 16BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

An aspect of 5G, which differentiates from previous 4G systems, is theuse of NR. NR architecture can be designed to support multipledeployment cases for independent configuration of resources used forRACH procedures. Since the NR can provide additional services than thoseprovided by LTE, efficiencies can be generated by leveraging the prosand cons of LTE and NR to facilitate the interplay between LTE and NR,as discussed herein.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “anembodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment,” “in one aspect,” or “in an embodiment,” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As used in this disclosure, in some embodiments, the terms “component,”“system,” “interface,” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution, and/or firmware. As anexample, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a processrunning on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a threadof execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an applicationrunning on a server and the server can be a component.

One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component can be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components can communicate via localand/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having oneor more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting withanother component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across anetwork such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). Asanother example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry, which is operated by a software application orfirmware application executed by one or more processors, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and can executeat least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confer(s) at least in part the functionalityof the electronic components. In an aspect, a component can emulate anelectronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., within a cloudcomputing system. While various components have been illustrated asseparate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components canbe implemented as a single component, or a single component can beimplemented as multiple components, without departing from exampleembodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or.” That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “mobile device equipment,” “mobile station,”“mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,”“communication device,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representingsimilar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by asubscriber or mobile device of a wireless communication service toreceive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming orsubstantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing termsare utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the relateddrawings. Likewise, the terms “access point (AP),” “Base Station (BS),”BS transceiver, BS device, cell site, cell site device, “Node B (NB),”“evolved Node B (eNode B),” “home Node B (HNB)” and the like, areutilized interchangeably in the application, and refer to a wirelessnetwork component or appliance that transmits and/or receives data,control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream orsignaling-stream from one or more subscriber stations. Data andsignaling streams can be packetized or frame-based flows.

Furthermore, the terms “device,” “communication device,” “mobiledevice,” “subscriber,” “customer entity,” “consumer,” “customer entity,”“entity” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout, unlesscontext warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based on complex mathematical formalisms), which canprovide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

Embodiments described herein can be exploited in substantially anywireless communication technology, comprising, but not limited to,wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), global system for mobile communications(GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), worldwideinteroperability for microwave access (WiMAX), enhanced general packetradio service (enhanced GPRS), third generation partnership project(3GPP) long term evolution (LTE), third generation partnership project 2(3GPP2) ultra mobile broadband (UMB), high speed packet access (HSPA),Z-Wave, Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and/or legacytelecommunication technologies.

The various aspects described herein can relate to New Radio (NR), whichcan be deployed as a standalone radio access technology or as anon-standalone radio access technology assisted by another radio accesstechnology, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), for example. It should benoted that although various aspects and embodiments have been describedherein in the context of 5G, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE), or other next generationnetworks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to 5G, a UMTSimplementation, and/or an LTE implementation as the techniques can alsobe applied in 3G, 4G, or LTE systems. For example, aspects or featuresof the disclosed embodiments can be exploited in substantially anywireless communication technology. Such wireless communicationtechnologies can include UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA),Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), EvolvedHigh Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee, or anotherIEEE 802.XX technology. Additionally, substantially all aspectsdisclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies.

As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers generally to theprocess of reasoning about, or inferring states of, the system,environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations as capturedvia events and/or data. Captured data and events can include user data,device data, environment data, data from sensors, sensor data,application data, implicit data, explicit data, etc. Inference can beemployed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate aprobability distribution over states of interest based on aconsideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composinghigher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inferenceresults in the construction of new events or actions from a set ofobserved events and/or stored event data, whether the events arecorrelated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and datacome from one or several event and data sources. Various classificationprocedures and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neuralnetworks, expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, anddata fusion engines) can be employed in connection with performingautomatic and/or inferred action in connection with the disclosedsubject matter.

In addition, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readablecarrier, computer-readable media, machine-readable media,computer-readable (or machine-readable) storage/communication media. Forexample, computer-readable media can comprise, but are not limited to, amagnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magneticstrip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc(DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g.,card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storagedevice and/or any of the above computer-readable media. Of course, thoseskilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to thisconfiguration without departing from the scope or spirit of the variousembodiments.

Stationary IoTs, such as meter readers, will grow to billions in thenext few years. Unlike smart devices, each of these stationary IoTgenerates very low revenue per user. Traditional 3GPP tunnel/bearerbased connection-oriented architectures do not scale economically forbillions of IoT devices due to the amount of signaling overheadassociated with GTP tunnel setup/tear down and the states related to GTPtunnels maintained at various parts of the mobile network. Thisdisclosure can facilitate the mobility network to efficiently supportmassive stationary and/or mobile IoTs by reducing the amount ofsignaling overhead, the state of the IoTs kept in network, andsimplifying the data plane when possible. Thus reducing multiple statesof the IoTs to a shared state.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding figures, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: selecting, by asoftware-defined networking device comprising a processor, networkequipment from a group of the network equipment to operate as serviceentry point network equipment associated with an internet-of-thingsdevice configured to communicate information via a network; receiving,by the software-defined networking device, network resource utilizationdata representative of a network resource utilization of the network;and configuring, by the software-defined networking device, based on thenetwork resource utilization data, the service entry point networkequipment to: associate first packet headers with first packetscommunicated from a connection based portion of the network to aconnectionless based portion of the network, wherein a first packetheader of the first packet headers comprises first routing dataspecifying an ordered list of network nodes in the connectionless basedportion of the network usable to forward a first packet comprising thefirst packet header, wherein associating the first packet headerscomprises generating, using a machine learning model that employs apredictive process, a microservice that classifies users and detectsviolations within the connectionless based portion of the network, andremove second packet headers from second packets communicated from theconnectionless based portion of the network to the connection basedportion of the network, wherein a second packet header of the secondpacket headers comprises second routing data associated with theconnectionless based portion of the network.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: generating, by the software-defined networkingdevice, a data structure based on the network resource utilization data,wherein the data structure comprises respective routing data to includein the first packet headers.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinrespective network nodes of the ordered list of network nodes areremoved from the ordered list of network nodes in the first packetheader, in response to the first packet reaching the respective networknodes, and prior to the respective network nodes forwarding the firstpacket.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet headerfurther comprises service chaining vector data specifying a sequence ofservice functions to perform with respect to a destination of the firstpacket.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the network resourceutilization data comprises storage data representative of a storagecapacity of the service entry point network equipment.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the connectionless based portion of the networkcomprises respective groups of internet-of-things devices of differenttypes, and a group of internet-of-things devices of the respectivegroups comprises the internet-of-things device.
 7. The method of claim6, further comprising: generating, by the software-defined networkingdevice, a data structure based on the network resource utilization data,wherein the data structure comprises respective routing data for therespective groups of internet-of-things devices.
 8. A software-definednetworking device, comprising: a processor; and a memory that storesexecutable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitateperformance of operations, comprising: selecting service edge equipmentfrom a group of the service edge equipment to operate as service entrypoint edge equipment associated with an internet-of-things equipmentconfigured to communicate via a network; receiving network resourceutilization data representative of a network resource utilizationassociated with the network; configuring, based on the network resourceutilization data, the service entry point edge equipment to: associatefirst packet headers with first packet communicated from a connectionbased portion of the network to a connectionless based portion of thenetwork, wherein a first packet header of the first packet headerscomprises first routing data specifying an order of network nodes in theconnectionless based portion of the network applicable to forwarding afirst packet comprising the first packet header, wherein associating thefirst packet headers comprises generating, using a machine learningmodel that employs a predictive process, a group of microservices thatperforms user classification and detects violations within theconnectionless based portion of the network, and remove second packetheaders from second packets communicated from the connectionless basedportion of the network to the connection based portion of the network,wherein a second packet header of the second packet headers comprisessecond routing data associated with the connectionless based portion ofthe network.
 9. The software-defined network device of claim 8, whereinconfiguring the service entry point edge equipment comprises sending, tothe service entry point edge equipment, a data structure, and whereinthe data structure comprises respective routing data for inclusion inthe first packet header.
 10. The software-defined network device ofclaim 8, wherein connection based portion of the network employs ageneral packet radio service tunneling protocol.
 11. Thesoftware-defined network device of claim 8, wherein respective networknodes of the order of network nodes are removed from the order ofnetwork nodes in the first packet header, in response to the firstpacket reaching the respective network nodes, and prior to therespective network nodes forwarding the first packet.
 12. Thesoftware-defined network device of claim 8, wherein the first packetheader further comprises service chaining vector data defining asequence of microservices to perform with respect to a destination ofthe first packet.
 13. The software-defined network device of claim 8,wherein the connectionless based portion of the network comprisesrespective groups of internet-of-things devices of different types, anda group of internet-of-things devices of the respective groups comprisesthe internet-of-things device.
 14. The software-defined network deviceof claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise generating a datastructure based on the network resource utilization data, and whereinthe data structure comprises respective routing data for the respectivegroups of internet-of-things devices.
 15. A non-transitorymachine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, whenexecuted by a processor of network equipment, facilitate performance ofoperations, comprising: configuring a service edge device from a groupof the network equipment to operate as a service entry point deviceassociated with internet-of-things devices configured to communicate viaa network; receiving network resource utilization data representative ofa network resource utilization associated with the network; configuring,based on the network resource utilization data, the service entry pointdevice to: associated first packet headers with first packets sent froma connection based portion of the network to a connectionless basedportion of the network, wherein a first packet header of the firstpacket headers comprises first routing data specifying a sequence ofnetwork nodes in the connectionless based portion of the network forforwarding a first packet comprising the first packet header, whereinassociating the first packet headers comprises generating, using amachine learning model that employs a predictive process, a microservicethat classifies user identities and detects violations within theconnectionless based portion of the network, and remove second packetheaders from second packets communicated from the connectionless basedportion of the network to the connection based portion of the network,wherein a second packet header of the second packet headers comprisessecond routing data associated with the connectionless based portion ofthe network.
 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15,wherein respective network nodes of the sequence of network nodes areremoved from the sequence of network nodes in the first packet header,in response to the first packet reaching the respective network nodes,and prior to the respective network nodes forwarding the first packet.17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein thefirst packet header further comprises service chaining vector datadefining a sequence of virtual network functions for a last network nodeof the sequence of network nodes to perform with respect to adestination of the first packet.
 18. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 15, wherein the connectionless based portion of thenetwork comprises respective groups of internet-of-things devices ofdifferent types from the internet-of-things devices.
 19. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein theoperations further comprise generating a data structure based on thenetwork resource utilization data, and wherein the data structurecomprises respective routing data for the respective groups ofinternet-of-things devices.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 15, wherein the connection based portion of the networkemploys a tunneling protocol.